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1972\uff09\u3002\u3053\u3053\u306f\u9762\u767d\u304f\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u307e\u3067\u304a\u898b\u5408\u3044\u3084\u653f\u7565\u7d50\u5a5a\u3060\u3063\u305f\u6642\u4ee3\u304b\u3089\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u604b\u611b\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u79c1\u306f\u63a8\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u604b\u611b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u5206\u306b\u9b45\u529b\u304c\u3042\u3063\u3066\u76f8\u624b\u304b\u3089\u597d\u611f\u3092\u6301\u305f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7d50\u5a5a\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u9032\u3093\u3060\u306e\u3082\u9837\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5370\u8c61\u5f62\u6210\u306e\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5916\u898b\u304c\u679c\u305f\u3059\u5f79\u5272\u3078\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u767a\u9054\u306b\u3088\u308a\u4eba\u304c\u5e83\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u79fb\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u521d\u5bfe\u9762\u306e\u4eba\u9054\u3068\u4f1a\u3046\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u5897\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08Bull and Rumsey 1988\uff09\u88c1\u5224\u3067\u72af\u7f6a\u8005\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u76db\u3093\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306eBull and 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